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Disability and incapacity

The same words mean different tests. Everyday talk, medical models, employment law, compensation schemes, and income-protection policies do not share a definition. Income protection usually assesses treated performance of material duties. Discrimination statutes often look at the unmitigated baseline. Mixing those axes is a trap.

33 contexts · Disability · Incapacity · Mitigated-state trap · Capacity ≠ performance

How the word is used

disability

Disability

General / Dictionary

A physical/mental condition limiting activities; lack of ability; a handicap preventing normal life or work.

disability

Disablement

General / Dictionary

The state or process of being disabled; the act of making a person or device inoperative.

disability

Disability

Medical Model

A biological defect, pathology, or bodily system failure requiring treatment/cure.

disability

Disablement

Medical Model

The pathological outcome of injury/disease.

disability

Disability

Social Model

Disadvantage imposed by societal barriers excluding people with impairments.

disability

Disablement

Social Model

The active process of being marginalized by societal structures.

disability · comparative

Disability

Biopsychosocial (WHO-ICF)

Umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.

disability

Disability

Conceptual / Academic

(See Biopsychosocial and Social model entries above)

disability

Disablement

Conceptual / Academic

A metric of functional capacity loss; the process of exclusion.

Income protection and insured disability

disability

Disability

Insurance (general/international)

Inability to work, triggering income-replacement benefits.

disability

Disablement

Insurance (general/international)

The specific event/claim triggering a payout.

Statute and rights instruments

disability · comparative

Disability

Legal - USA (ADA)

Impairment substantially limiting one or more major life activities; or a record of, or being regarded as having, such an impairment.

disability · comparative

Disability

Legal - UK (Equality Act 2010)

Physical/mental impairment with a substantial, long-term negative effect on normal daily activities.

disability · comparative

Disablement

Legal - UK (Equality Act 2010)

(Police/employment law) Being blind, deaf, or permanently handicapped.

disability · AU

Disability

Legal - Australia (DDA 1992)

Total/partial loss of bodily/mental functions; loss of a body part; presence of disease organisms in the body.

disability · AU

Disablement

Legal - Australia (DDA 1992)

(Not a defined statutory term)

disability · comparative

Disability

Legal - UN (CRPD)

Long-term impairments interacting with barriers that hinder full/equal participation.

disability · comparative

Disablement

Legal - UN (CRPD)

(Not used)

disability · comparative

Disability

Social Security (US - SSA)

Inability to engage in "Substantial Gainful Activity" (SGA) due to a medically determinable impairment.

disability · comparative

Disablement

Social Security (US - SSA)

(Not a separate term)

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