disability · model

Disability

Biopsychosocial (WHO-ICF)

Definition

Umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.

Prerequisite chain

Condition. An impairment (body function/structure) is present
Functional status. Activity Limitations - can the task be done at all?
Applied test. Two scores: Capacity (unaided, standardised setting) vs Performance (aided, real-world)

Assessment basis (treatment / aids) — ICF uses two distinct ratings: (1) Capacity - what they can do without aids/assistance in a standardized environment; (2) Performance - what they actually do with aids/meds in their real environment.

Qualifiers

Severity. ICF Qualifiers 0-4 (0=None, 4=Complete)
Duration. Episodic, stable, fluctuating
Scope. With/without devices (Capacity vs. Performance)
Other. Two-axis assessment model

Impact

Defined as Activity Limitations (difficulty executing tasks) and Participation Restrictions (problems in life situations).

Example

A person's ICF profile records "Capacity: severe difficulty walking" but "Performance: mild difficulty" once a prosthetic is factored in.

Source: WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

Language map: disability · Incapacity · Mitigated-state trap